Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). CABG restores normal blood flow to the heart by bypassing the blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body. CABG is recommended for patients with severe coronary artery disease (multiple blocked arteries), Left main coronary artery disease, which supplies blood to most of the heart, Fare angina (chest pain) that limits daily activities. risk of heart attack due to blocked arteries.

Recovery:

Hospital Stay: 5-7 days.

Initial Recovery: 6-12 weeks (gradual return to normal activities).

1. Cardiology (Heart-related Procedures)

Heart Valve Replacement/Repair

Heart valve replacement or repair is performed to treat malfunctioning heart valves that may be narrowed (stenosis) or leaking (regurgitation/insufficiency). The goal is to restore normal blood flow through the heart and prevent complications like heart failure.

Recovery

Hospital Stay: 5-10 days (longer for open-heart surgery).

Full Recovery: 6-12 weeks (faster for minimally invasive techniques).

Angioplasty and Stent Placement

Angioplasty and stent placement are procedures used to open blocked or narrowed arteries, primarily to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) and prevent heart attacks.

Recovery:

Hospital Stay: Usually, 1 day.

Recovery Time: 1-2 weeks with activity restrictions.

Heart Transplant

A heart transplant is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or failing heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. It is typically performed in patients with end-stage heart failure or severe heart disease when other treatments, such as medications and less invasive surgeries, are no longer effective.

Post-Transplant Recovery

Hospital Stay: 2-3 weeks (initial monitoring for complications).

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2. Orthopedics (Bone & Joint Procedures)

Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also known as Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or worn-out knee joint with an artificial implant. It is primarily performed to relieve severe knee pain and stiffness caused by conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis.

Hospital Stay: 2-5 days

Pain Management: Medications (NSAIDs, opioids, nerve blocks)

Physical Therapy: Begins within 24 hours post-surgery

Weight-Bearing: Partial weight-bearing with a walker/crutches for 2-4 weeks

Full Recovery: 3-6 months, depending on patient compliance with rehab

Total Hip Replacement (THR)

Total Hip Replacement (THR), also known as Total Hip Arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased hip joint with an artificial implant. It is commonly performed to relieve pain and improve mobility in patients with severe arthritis or hip fractures.

Hospital Stay: 1-3 days.

Home Recovery: 6-12 weeks.

Physical Therapy: Begins within 24 hours post-surgery.

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Craniotomy

A Craniotomy is a surgical procedure in which a part of the skull (called a bone flap) is temporarily removed to access the brain for treatment or diagnosis of brain conditions such as tumors, aneurysms, hemorrhages, or brain injuries. Once the procedure is complete, the bone flap is replaced and secured using medical plates, screws, or sutures.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used to treat neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It involves implanting a device (like a pacemaker) that sends electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain to regulate abnormal brain activity.

Spinal Decompression Surgery

Spinal decompression surgery is a procedure performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerves caused by conditions such as:Herniated Disc (slipped or ruptured disc), Spinal Stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal), Spondylolisthesis (slipping of vertebra), Bone Spurs (Osteophytes), Tumors or Cysts causing compression and Fractures or other traumatic injuries.

Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure performed to remove plaque (fatty deposits) from the carotid artery to restore normal blood flow to the brain and reduce the risk of stroke. The carotid arteries are the major blood vessels on either side of the neck that supply oxygen-rich blood to the brain, face, and head. Narrowing or blockage of these arteries due to atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) can significantly increase the risk of stroke.

Aneurysm Clipping/Coiling

The procedure is performed to treat a brain aneurysm — a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain that can rupture and cause a life-threatening brain hemorrhage (bleeding) or stroke.

3. Neurology (Brain & Nervous System Procedures)

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4. Organ Transplant Procedures

1. Kidney Transplant (Renal Transplant)

• A healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is transplanted into the patient.

• The new kidney is connected to blood vessels and the bladder.

• In most cases, the diseased kidney is left in place unless it causes infection or other issues.

✅ Types of Kidney Transplant:

• Living Donor Transplant: The kidney is obtained from a healthy living donor (family member, relative, or unrelated).

• Deceased Donor Transplant: Kidney is obtained from a brain-dead donor.

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 7-10 days.

• Full recovery: 6-12 weeks.

• Life-long immunosuppressant drugs are required.

6. Pancreas Transplant (for Diabetes or Pancreatic Failure)

✅ Procedure:

• A healthy pancreas from a deceased donor is transplanted.

• The pancreas helps produce insulin, regulating blood sugar.

• If done along with a kidney transplant, it is called a Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplant (SPK).

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 10-14 days.

• Full recovery: 6 months.

2. Liver Transplant

• A healthy liver from a donor is transplanted into the patient.

• The damaged liver is removed, and the donor liver is connected to the major blood vessels and bile duct.

• A portion of the liver can also regenerate if obtained from a living donor.

✅ Types of Liver Transplant:

• Living Donor Liver Transplant: Part of the liver is taken from a living donor (mostly a family member).

• Deceased Donor Liver Transplant: The entire liver is taken from a brain-dead donor.

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 10-14 days.

• Full recovery: 3-6 months.

• Life-long immunosuppressant medication.

3. Heart Transplant

• The diseased heart is removed and replaced with a healthy donor heart from a brain-dead person.

• Major blood vessels like the aorta, pulmonary artery, and veins are reconnected.

• Life-long immunosuppressants are necessary to avoid organ rejection.

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 2-3 weeks.

• Full recovery: 6 months - 1 year.

5. Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) / Stem Cell Transplant

✅ Types of Bone Marrow Transplant:

• Autologous Transplant: Uses the patient's own stem cells.

• Allogeneic Transplant: Uses a donor's stem cells.

✅ Procedure:

• High-dose chemotherapy/radiation is given to destroy the diseased bone marrow.

• Healthy stem cells are infused into the bloodstream to regenerate new bone marrow.

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 2-3 weeks.

• Full recovery: 6 months - 1 year.

4. Lung Transplant (Single or Double Lung Transplant)

✅ Procedure:

• The damaged lung is removed and replaced with a healthy donor lung from a deceased person.

• Can be single-lung or double-lung transplant depending on the condition.

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 2-3 weeks.

• Full recovery: 3-6 months.

• Requires lifelong immunosuppressants.

✅ Why India is a Medical Tourism Hub for Organ Transplants?

1. Affordable Cost: Treatment costs in India are 60-80% lower than in the US, UK, or Europe.

2. World-Class Hospitals: India has globally accredited multi-organ transplant centers (NABH, JCI).

3. Expert Surgeons: Highly skilled transplant surgeons with high success rates.

4. Fast Turnaround Time: Shorter waiting periods for organ transplants.

5. High Success Rates:

   • Kidney Transplant: 90-95% success rate.

   • Liver Transplant: 85-90% success rate.

   • Bone Marrow Transplant: 80-90% success rate.

7. Corneal Transplant (Eye Transplant)

✅ Procedure:

• The damaged cornea is removed and replaced with a clear donor cornea.

• It can be full thickness (PKP) or partial thickness (DSEK/DSAEK).

✅ Recovery Time:

• Hospital stay: 1-2 days.

• Full recovery: 6-12 weeks.

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Kidney Transplant

A Kidney Transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or failed kidney with a healthy kidney from a donor (living or deceased). The kidney helps filter waste, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood, maintaining the body's chemical balance.

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5. Nephrology (Kidney-related Procedures)

Dialysis Access Surgery (AV Fistula, AV Graft)

Dialysis Access Surgery is performed to create a reliable and long-lasting access point for hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This access point allows blood to be removed, filtered, and returned to the body during dialysis.

Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)

A Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of a kidney. This operation is performed to treat conditions such as kidney cancer, severe kidney infection, kidney damage, or to remove a healthy kidney for transplantation (in case of a kidney donor).

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove large or complex kidney stones that cannot be treated with medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), or ureteroscopy. It is typically performed when kidney stones are larger than 2 cm, located in the renal pelvis (central part of the kidney), or blocking the flow of urine.

Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy

Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy (URSL) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed to remove or break kidney stones located in the ureter (the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder) or within the kidney itself. It is commonly used for medium to large kidney stones or stones that fail to pass naturally through urine.